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What are historical controls?

  1. Data from previous trials on the same disease

  2. Data from the general population

  3. Data from similar patients or the same patient in a crossover study

  4. Data from animal studies

The correct answer is: Data from similar patients or the same patient in a crossover study

Historical controls refer to data from similar patients in a study or the same patient in a crossover study, while options A, B, and D refer to data from different sources that may not be as relevant or applicable to the current study. Option A specifically refers to data from previous trials on the same disease, which may have different variables and outcomes, making it difficult to compare to the current study. Option B refers to data from the general population, which may not accurately represent the specific population being studied. Option D refers to data from animal studies, which may not always translate to human results. Therefore, option C is the most accurate and relevant answer for historical controls in a study.